I use:
wmic printer list brief
OR
wmic printer get name
This just shows a short list of printer attached to the system you run the command on. It will also show what computer a printer is connected to if there's a network printer.
You can also use this to get a very detailed list of configuration for each printer installed on a system:
wmic printer list full
To output it to a text file, append this to the end of the command:
>>"[directory]\[filename].txt"
Example:
wmic printer list brief >> c:\users\admin\documents\printerlist.txt